Learn about the Jod-Basedow effect: a condition of hyperthyroidism triggered by excessive iodine intake, whether through dietary supplements, medical imaging contrast, or medications like Amiodarone. Explore its historical prevalence in iodine-deficient regions and understand the implications of increased iodine exposure on thyroid health. Delve into insights on this phenomenon, shedding light on its impact and significance in clinical contexts.
Jod-Basedow Phenomenon
The Jod-Basedow effect (also Jod-Basedow syndrome and Jod-Basedow phenomenon) is hyperthyroidism following administration of iodine or iodide, either as a dietary supplement, for iodinated contrast medical imaging, or as a medication (mainly Amiodarone).
Jod-Basedow Phenomenon, a thyrotoxic condition caused by exposure to increased amounts of iodine, has historically been reported in regions deficient in iodine.1El-Shirbiny AM, Stavrou SS, Dnistrian A, Sonenberg M, Larson SM, Divgi CR. Jod-Basedow syndrome following oral iodine and radioiodinated-antibody administration. J Nucl Med. 1997 Nov;38(11):1816-7. Erratum in: J Nucl Med 1998 Mar;39(3):489., 2Navarro FA. [Jod-Basedow phenomenon: who was Dr. Jod?] Rev Clin Esp. 1997 Jul;197(7):531. Spanish, 3Goday-Arnó A, García Rico A, Martínez-Riquelme A, Cano-Pérez JF. [Graves Basedow disease following treatment with magistral formulae for obesity. Jod-Basedow phenomenon?] Rev Clin Esp. 1996 Aug;196(8):536-8, 4Gómez de la Torre R, Enguix Armada A, García L, Otero J. [Thyroid nodule disease in a previously endemic goiter area] An Med Interna. 1993 Oct;10(10):487-9. Spanish., 5Yamada T. [Jod-Basedow (iodine-induced hyperthyroidism)] Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu. 1993;(1):367-9. Review. Japanese., 6Woeber KA. Iodine and thyroid disease. Med Clin North Am. 1991 Jan;75(1):169-78., 7Maberly GF, Corcoran JM, Eastman CJ. The effect of iodized oil on goitre size, thyroid function and the development of the Jod Basedow phenomenon. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1982 Sep;17(3):253-9. , 8Maberly GF, Eastman CJ, Corcoran JM. Effect of iodination of a village water-supply on goitre size and thyroid function. Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1270-2. , 9Livadas DP, Koutras DA, Souvatzoglou A, Beckers C. The toxic effect of small iodine supplements in patients with autonomous thyroid nodules. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1977 Aug;7(2):121-7. , 10Birkhäuser M, Burer T, Busset R, Burger A. Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism when serum-thyroxine alone is raised. Lancet. 1977 Jul 9;2(8028):53-6. , 11Spaulding SW, Burrow GN, Ramey JN, Donabedian RK. Effect of increased iodide intake on thyroid function in subjects on chronic lithium therapy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1977 Feb;84(2):290-6. However, when a person is given iodine supplements combined with dietary intake on a continual basis without monitoring, they develop a hyperfunction autoimmune response. It causes an increased activity of TPO antibodies that multiply dramatically with iodine supplements.
The iodine skin patch test will not in any way show a person what their TPO antibodies are and will be different for each person due to different rates of absorption and elimination.
The hypothyroidism is transient and thyroid function returns to normal in 2 to 3 weeks if iodine usage is withdrawn, but transient T4 replacement therapy may be required in some patients. The patients who develop transient iodine-induced hypothyroidism must be followed long term thereafter because many will develop permanent primary hypothyroidism. Continued use of iodine supplementation will cause the Jod-Basedow phenomenon to occur.
If you are hypthyroid, iodine usage increases thyroid production of T4. The thyroid gland actively takes up iodine and incorporates iodine into thyroid hormone. This provokes the thyroid into hyperfunction with out any feedback control. Think of it like putting your car in cruise control and never touching the brakes. Long term use of iodine then drives a person into the Jod-Basedow phenomenon AKA Iodine-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
Related Keywords:
- Thyroid health
- Hypothyroidism symptoms
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis treatment
- Non-thyroid conditions mimicking hypothyroidism
- Thyroid function tests
- Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Top Competitor Sites with URLs:
- EndocrineWeb – https://www.endocrineweb.com/
- American Thyroid Association – https://www.thyroid.org/
- Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/
Suggested Sites for Outreach and Backlinks:
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) – https://www.niddk.nih.gov/
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) – https://www.aace.com/
- Thyroid Foundation of Canada – https://thyroid.ca/
References
- 1El-Shirbiny AM, Stavrou SS, Dnistrian A, Sonenberg M, Larson SM, Divgi CR. Jod-Basedow syndrome following oral iodine and radioiodinated-antibody administration. J Nucl Med. 1997 Nov;38(11):1816-7. Erratum in: J Nucl Med 1998 Mar;39(3):489
- 2Navarro FA. [Jod-Basedow phenomenon: who was Dr. Jod?] Rev Clin Esp. 1997 Jul;197(7):531. Spanish
- 3Goday-Arnó A, García Rico A, Martínez-Riquelme A, Cano-Pérez JF. [Graves Basedow disease following treatment with magistral formulae for obesity. Jod-Basedow phenomenon?] Rev Clin Esp. 1996 Aug;196(8):536-8
- 4Gómez de la Torre R, Enguix Armada A, García L, Otero J. [Thyroid nodule disease in a previously endemic goiter area] An Med Interna. 1993 Oct;10(10):487-9. Spanish.
- 5Yamada T. [Jod-Basedow (iodine-induced hyperthyroidism)] Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu. 1993;(1):367-9. Review. Japanese.
- 6Woeber KA. Iodine and thyroid disease. Med Clin North Am. 1991 Jan;75(1):169-78.
- 7Maberly GF, Corcoran JM, Eastman CJ. The effect of iodized oil on goitre size, thyroid function and the development of the Jod Basedow phenomenon. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1982 Sep;17(3):253-9.
- 8Maberly GF, Eastman CJ, Corcoran JM. Effect of iodination of a village water-supply on goitre size and thyroid function. Lancet. 1981 Dec 5;2(8258):1270-2.
- 9Livadas DP, Koutras DA, Souvatzoglou A, Beckers C. The toxic effect of small iodine supplements in patients with autonomous thyroid nodules. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1977 Aug;7(2):121-7.
- 10Birkhäuser M, Burer T, Busset R, Burger A. Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism when serum-thyroxine alone is raised. Lancet. 1977 Jul 9;2(8028):53-6.
- 11Spaulding SW, Burrow GN, Ramey JN, Donabedian RK. Effect of increased iodide intake on thyroid function in subjects on chronic lithium therapy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1977 Feb;84(2):290-6.
